Abnormal collagen deposition in synovia after collagen type V immunization in rabbits.

Sinovitis in Scleroderma (SSc) is rare, usually aggressive and fully resembles rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental models of SSc have been used in an attempt to understand its pathogenesis. Previous studies done in our laboratory had already revealed the presence of a synovial remodeling process in rabbits immunized with collagen V. To validate the importance of collagen type V and to explore the quantitative relationship between this factor and synovia remodeling as well as the relationship between collagen type V and other collagens, we studied the synovial tissue in immunized rabbits. Rabbits (N=10) were immunized with collagen V plus Freund's adjuvant and compared with animals inoculated with adjuvant only (N=10). Synovial tissues were submitted to histological analysis, immunolocalization to collagen I, III and V and biochemical analysis by eletrophoresis, immunoblot and densitometric method. The synovial tissue presented an intense remodeling process with deposits of collagen types I, III and V after 75 and 120 days of immunization, mainly distributed around the vessels and interstitium of synovial extracellular matrix. Densitometric analysis confirmed the increased synthesis of collagen I, III and V chains (407.69+/-80.31; 24.46+/-2.58; 70.51+/-7.66, respectively) in immunized rabbits when compared with animals from control group (164.91+/-15.67; 12.89+/-1.05; 32+/-3.57) (p<0.0001). We conclude that synovial remodeling observed in the experimental model can reflect the articular compromise present in patients with scleroderma. Certainly, this experimental model induced by collagen V immunization will bring new insights in to pathogenic mechanisms and allow the testing of new therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the prognosis for scleroderma patients.

Scleroderma-like remodeling induced by type V collagen.

Recently, we discovered that New Zealand rabbits immunized with human type V collagen plus Freund's adjuvant present fibrosis and vasculitis of organs usually affected by systemic sclerosis. In this way, we studied the fibrillogenesis process to identify possible factors involved in altered remodeling observed in this scleroderma-like model. Additionally, we have done a very preliminary comparison with human skins obtained from scleroderma patients (n=3). Female New Zealand rabbits (n=10) were immunized subcutaneously with two doses of 1 mg collagen V (COL V) plus complete Freund's adjuvant for a 30-day interval, followed by two additional intramuscular booster immunizations in incomplete Freund's adjuvant for a 15-day interval. Animals from control group (n=10), were only inoculated with complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvant given at same conditions of COL V. Histological analysis of skins from animals and patients were done by Masson's trichrome staining, and immunofluorescence method to detect collagen fibers and interactions of types I, III and V collagen in the remodeling process. The analysis of animal skins showed collagen fibril deposits in the dermis after 7 days of sensibilization and an increase in these deposits after 75 and 120 days, respectively. Skin thickness and atrophy of sebaceous and sweat glands were progressively more intense in late sacrificed animals and correlated with increased amount of collagen deposition. Surprisingly, type V collagen was overexpressed both in animals and patients, forming dense and atypical collagen fibers in the dermis. We suggest that this anomalous expression of morphologically different type V collagen could justify the remodeling observed in scleroderma plaque.

Análise morfológica e bioquímica da sinóvia de coelhos imunizados com colágeno do tipo V / Morphological and biochemical analysis of the synovia of rabbits immunized with type V collagen

Descrevemos modelo original de sinovite experimental em coelhos imunizados com colágeno V com escasso processo inflamatório, intenso remodelamento matricial e vasculite. Analise morfológica e bioquímica foi realizada em coelhas Nova Zelândia (N=20) imunizadas com colágeno do tipo V, comparadas com controles. Foi observado o aumento dos colágenos I, III e V, oclusão do lúmen vascular e escasso processo inflamatório. A análise bioquímica confirmou a fibrose com aumento da síntese de colágeno. Nós postulamos que as alterações sinoviais descritas neste modelo foram conseqüência das particularidades do colágeno V, que promove manifestações imunológicas e clínicas semelhantes à esclerodermia.

We described an original model of experimental synovitis in rabbits immunized with collagen V with scant cellular infiltration, intense matrix remodeling and vasculitis. Morphological and biochemical analysis were realized in New Zealand female rabbits (N=20) immunization with type V collagen, compared with control rabbits. It was observed increase of collagen I, III and V, vascular lumen occlusion and scant inflammatory process. Biochemical analysis confirmed the fibrosis with increased synthesis of collagen. We postulate that synovial changes described in this model are consequence of collagen V particularities, which promotes immunologic and clinical manifestations similar to scleroderma.

Modelo experimental de doenças difusas do tecido conjuntivo (DDTC) induzido por colágeno do tipo V / Experimental model of diffuse connective tissue disease (DCTD) induced by type V collagen

Objetivos: As doenças difusas do tecido conjuntivo (DDTC) são enfermidades de etiologia e patogênese desconhecidas, responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de manifestações clínicas multissistêmicas, e do ponto de vista laboratorial caracterizadas pela presença de auto-anticorpos dirigidos contra diferentes componentes celulares. Modelos experimentais que reproduzem manifestações clínicas, histológicas e laboratoriais similares às observadas em humanos são extremamente importantes no estudo da patogênese e abordagem terapêutica destas enfermidades. Métodos: Descrevemos um modelo inédito de autoimunidade desenvolvido em coelhos pela imunização com colágeno tipo V, fibrila com características peculiares em sua síntese, que confere grande antigenicidade à sua molécula e participa de processos de reparação, diferenciação e proliferação celular. Analisamos as alterações morfológicas promovidas em diferentes órgãos de coelhos sensibilizados com o colágeno tipo V e sacrificados após 75 e 120 dias do início da imunização. Resultados: Verificou-se presença de vasculite em pulmões, especialmente nos lobos basais, caracterizados pelo espessamento da íntima vascular, infiltrado celular por eosinófilos e linfócitos, além de depósito de colágeno na região subendotelial, perivascular, peribrônquica e interstício pulmonar. No coração observou-se depósito de colágeno entre as fibras cardíacas e vasculite. No esôfago notou-se diminuição do lúmen, depósito de colágeno em nível submucoso e perivascular. Alterações nos glomérulos renais, como discreta proliferação mesangial e espessamento da membrana basal, e moderado depósito de colágeno intersticial, foram aspectos morfológicos observados nos rins. Na sinóvia houve proliferação de células epiteliais e depósito de colágeno subepitelial. Estudo histológico da cartilagem articular revelou aumento da celularidade e remodelamento da matriz extracelular. Conclusões: Neste trabalho descrevemos um novo modelo experimental no qual um fator exógeno promoveu lesão patológica em múltiplos órgãos de um animal sadio. As alterações morfológicas observadas nos levam a propor que este seja um modelo experimental que reproduz achados clínicos e laboratoriais semelhantes aos da esclerodermia.